What is Obstructive Sleep Apnea? Obstructive sleep apnea is a sleep disorder characterized by repeated interruptions in breathing due to the relaxation of throat muscles. These blockages restrict airflow, leading to decreased oxygen levels and frequent awakenings throughout the night. Symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea include loud snoring, daytime fatigue, morning headaches, difficulty concentrating, and irritability. … Read more

Introduction:  High cholesterol refers to the presence of an excessive amount of cholesterol in the bloodstream. It can lead to the development of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis (narrowing and hardening of the arteries) and stroke. It can also contribute to poor blood flow to the brain, which may result in symptoms like dizziness or … Read more

Overview: Celebrating International Clinical Trials Day 2023 on May 20th  Every year we celebrate Clinical Trials Day on 20th May.  It is a special day to raise awareness about the importance of clinical trials in medical research. The day marks the anniversary of the first clinical trial, led by James Lind in 1747, which aimed to … Read more

Introduction Ever wonder what exactly blood pressure means? Or physiologically speaking, how does the blood generate pressure? What causes it to develop, and what should we do to prevent it from rising? Put simply, there are several causative factors affecting the cardiac output and blood pressure within the vasculature. The key to the crux lies … Read more

Introduction: What is Total Peripheral Resistance? Peripheral vascular resistance (total peripheral resistance or systemic vascular resistance) refers to the resistance to blood flowing through the arteries and arterioles in the peripheral circulation. It is an important physiological phenomenon that plays a vital role in maintaining blood pressure and blood flow to all organs and tissues. … Read more

Sinus Node Dysfunction, formerly known as Sick Sinus Syndrome describes disorders related to the conduction and propagation of electrical signals at the sinoatrial node. The sinoatrial node is also called as natural pacemaker of the heart as it generates electrical signals and is responsible for setting the rhythm and rate in a healthy heart. Sinus node dysfunction … Read more

Introduction Before asking “what is sinus arrhythmia?” we should know about the normal sinus rhythm. A normal sinus rhythm (NSR) is a rhythm that originates in the sinus node and has the same frequency as a normal heartbeat. The rate of the normal sinus rhythm varies according to the inputs from the nervous system. In … Read more

Introduction Heart failure is a complex and progressive medical condition that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Contrary to the implication of its name, heart failure does not mean the heart has stopped working entirely. Instead, it refers to the inability of the heart to pump blood efficiently to meet the body’s needs. Heart failure can be classified … Read more

Introduction: Sick sinus syndrome also known as sinus node dysfunction—is a term used to describe a number of different abnormalities in the heart rhythm (known as arrhythmias). The arrhythmias associated with this syndrome, typically involve persistent bradycardia with intermittent tachyarrhythmias. It primarily affects the elderly. While there are many possible causes, it is usually idiopathic. … Read more