What is Obstructive Sleep Apnea? Obstructive sleep apnea is a sleep disorder characterized by repeated interruptions in breathing due to the relaxation of throat muscles. These blockages restrict airflow, leading to decreased oxygen levels and frequent awakenings throughout the night. Symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea include loud snoring, daytime fatigue, morning headaches, difficulty concentrating, and irritability.…

Introduction:  High cholesterol refers to the presence of an excessive amount of cholesterol in the bloodstream. It can lead to the development of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis (narrowing and hardening of the arteries) and stroke. It can also contribute to poor blood flow to the brain, which may result in symptoms like dizziness or…

Overview: Celebrating International Clinical Trials Day 2023 on May 20th  Every year we celebrate Clinical Trials Day on 20th May.  It is a special day to raise awareness about the importance of clinical trials in medical research. The day marks the anniversary of the first clinical trial, led by James Lind in 1747, which aimed to…

Introduction Ever wonder what exactly blood pressure means? Or physiologically speaking, how does the blood generate pressure? What causes it to develop, and what should we do to prevent it from rising? Put simply, there are several causative factors affecting the cardiac output and blood pressure within the vasculature. The key to the crux lies…

Introduction: What is Total Peripheral Resistance? Peripheral vascular resistance (total peripheral resistance or systemic vascular resistance) refers to the resistance to blood flowing through the arteries and arterioles in the peripheral circulation. It is an important physiological phenomenon that plays a vital role in maintaining blood pressure and blood flow to all organs and tissues.…

Sinus Node Dysfunction, formerly known as Sick Sinus Syndrome describes disorders related to the conduction and propagation of electrical signals at the sinoatrial node. The sinoatrial node is also called as natural pacemaker of the heart as it generates electrical signals and is responsible for setting the rhythm and rate in a healthy heart. Sinus node dysfunction…

Introduction Before asking “what is sinus arrhythmia?” we should know about the normal sinus rhythm. A normal sinus rhythm (NSR) is a rhythm that originates in the sinus node and has the same frequency as a normal heartbeat. The rate of the normal sinus rhythm varies according to the inputs from the nervous system. In…

Introduction: Sick sinus syndrome also known as sinus node dysfunction—is a term used to describe a number of different abnormalities in the heart rhythm (known as arrhythmias). The arrhythmias associated with this syndrome, typically involve persistent bradycardia with intermittent tachyarrhythmias. It primarily affects the elderly. While there are many possible causes, it is usually idiopathic.…

Introduction Blood pressure is a measurement of the force exerted by the blood against the artery walls as the heart circulates it throughout the body. High blood pressure, also known as ‘hypertension,’ is a condition in which blood flows at a higher-than-normal pressure through the arteries (blood vessels). Blood pressure should be less than 120/80…

Overview The field of Clinical Research has been on a boom ever since COVID-19 hit the world. Researchers are beginning to delve into the depths of medical conditions for which previously there were no adequate treatment options available. Research has now become an integral part of medicine. It is not only beneficial for the researcher…